Inputs | Reference quantity | Unit | Calculated quantity | Unit per m3 | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extraction process | |||||
Energy for pumping system | 0.032 | kWh/kL | 0.032 | kWh | Goldstein and Smith (2002) |
Pre-chlorination process | |||||
Chlorine | 4.800 | mg/L | 5.05 | g | Cadee et al. (2011) |
Flocculation and coagulation process | |||||
Alum | 10–90 | mg Fe3+/L | 52.63 | g Fe3+ | Water Treatment Chemicals (2009) |
Polymer | 0.700 | mg/L | 0.74 | g | Cadee et al. (2011) |
Energy for treatment | 0.020 | kWh/kL | 0.020 | kWh | Goldstein and Smith (2002) |
Energy for sludge handling | 0.006 | kWh/kL | 0.0.006 | kWh | Goldstein and Smith (2002) |
Sedimentation and filtration process | |||||
Lime | 10–20 | mg/L | 15.8 | g | Water Treatment Chemicals (2011) |
Chlorine | 2–10 | mg/L | 6.3 | g | Water Treatment Chemicals (2009) |
Fluorine | 0.7–1.2 | mg/L | 1.0 | g | Water Treatment Chemicals (2011) |
Energy consumption | 0.00004 | kWh/kL | 0.00004 | kWh | Goldstein and Smith (2002) |
Distribution process | |||||
Energy consumption | 0.318 | kWh/kL | 0.318 | kWh | Goldstein and Smith (2002) |