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Table 3 Life cycle inventory for seawater desalination plant via electrodialysis for 1 m3 of water production and delivery

From: Improving the carbon footprint of water treatment with renewable energy: a Western Australian case study

Inputs

Reference quantity

Unit

Calculated quantity

Unit per m3

References

Extraction process

Energy for pumping system

0.032

kWh/kL

0.032

kWh

Goldstein and Smith (2002)

Pre-treatment process

Alum

10–90

mg Fe3+/L

62.5

g Fe3+

Water Treatment Chemicals (2009)

Polymer

0.700

mg/L

0.875

g

Cadee et al. (2011)

Energy for treatment

0.020

kWh/kL

0.02

kWh

Goldstein and Smith (2002)

Electrodialysis process

CR67, MK111

8.40 × 10−11

meq/g dry membrane

1.05 × 10−10

g

Sadrzadeh and Mohammadi (2007, 442)

AR204SXR412

9.80 × 10−11

meq/g dry membrane

1.22 × 10−10

g

Sadrzadeh and Mohammadi (2007, 442)

Energy for treatment

1.2–2.5

kWh/m3

2.3

kWh

Pilat (2001, 388)

Brine

10–20

%

0.18

kL

Pilat (2001, 388)

Post-treatment process

Chlorine

2–10

mg/L

6.4

g

Water Treatment Chemicals (2009)

Fluorine

0.7–1.2

mg/L

1.0

g

Water Treatment Chemicals (2011)

Lime

10–20

mg/L

15.9

g

Water Treatment Chemicals (2011)

Energy consumption

0.00004

kWh/kL

0.00004

kWh

Goldstein and Smith (2002)

Distribution process

Energy consumption

0.318

kWh/kL

0.318

kWh

Goldstein and Smith (2002)